Revelation and OT

(Rev 1-22) See notes from last time. I’ll add things here that I didn’t include last time.

(Rev 1:18) Jesus holds the keys of death and Hades i.e. has authority over.

(Rev 2:1) Jesus walking among the lamp stands recalls his walking among the myrtles in Zec 1:8-10 (second reference top Zechariah so far).

(Rev 2:7) Good to read of Eden’s tree of life again … it has been a long time.

(Rev 2:10) 10 days of tribulation contrasts with 10x10x10 years of reigning with Christ.

(Rev 2:11) Not be hurt by second death – lots of links between Rev 2-3 and Rev 20 – not insignificant for interpretation.

(Rev 2:13) Antipas who lived in Pergamum is called a faithful witness i.e. described in terms similar to the two witnesses in Rev 11.

(Rev 2:14,20) Watch out for Balaams and Jezebels – both encouraged sexual immorality and idolatry.

(Rev 2:26-27) The promises of ruling over the earth forever made to David in Psalm 2 is now made available for all Christians in Christ.

(Rev 2:28) The morning star!

(Rev 3:4) … not soiled clothes, dressed in white … c.f. Joshua the High Priest in Zec 3.

(Rev 3:7-8) Another key – the key of David held by Christ.

(Rev 3:9) Early in the book John tells us that being Jewish is not simply about biology but rather faith in Jesus.

(Rev 3:9) This is similar to John’s gospel when Jesus says to the Jews that Abraham is not their father because they do not believe in Jesus

(Rev 3:14)Jesus is the faithful and true witness c.f. Antipas and the two witnesses in Rev 11 i.e. they are witnesses like Jesus.

(Rev 4:1) Doors are mentioned a lot c.f. Rev 3:7-8; 3:20.

(Rev 4) Typical of OT language describing theophanies. The description of the cherubim is similar to Eze 1 and Isa 6.

(Rev 4) The 24 elders are described as priest-kings. 24 recalls the 24 divisions that served in Solomon’s temple as recorded in 1 Chronicles

(Rev 5:1) A scroll with writing on both sides recalls Zec 5:1-4.

(Rev 5:2-5) Opening the scroll is symbolic of being powerful enough to implement the purposes described in the scroll.

(Rev 5) OT concepts – Lion of Judah, Root of David, sacrificial lamb, temple bowls of incense, redemption, harps used in psalms.

(Rev 6) The four horsemen of the apocalypse recall Zec 1. Judgments of war, famine, disease, earthquakes are classic OT prophetic judgments.

(Rev 6:12-17) c.f. Isa 34:4; Jos_10:16-17; Isa 13:9-10; 24:23; 60:19-20; Eze 32:7-8; Joe 2:10; 2:30-31; 3:15; Amo 8:9; Hag 2:6-7; 2:21-22.

(Rev 7:3) The seal is God’s name i.e. they belong to him. Christians are sealed in this way according to Rev 3:12; 14:1; 22:4.

(Rev 7:15) Compare with Isa 4:5-6 to see how Revelation applies OT prophecy.

(Rev 7:16) Compare with Isa 49:10.

(Rev 8:1) Silence in preparation for judgment c.f. Hab 2:20.

(Rev 8-9) So many phrases of judgment come from the OT prophets. e.g. Locusts and Joel 1-2; Euphrates army and Assyrian/Babylonian invasions

(Rev 10) The description of the mighty angel and the eating of the scroll is taken from the OT e.g. Eze 2:8-10; 3:1-3.

(Rev 11:1-2) These verses are easily applied to the Church because Rev 3:12 has already identified believers as pillars in the temple …

(Rev 11:1-2) … on two occasions already believers have been associated with the altar Rev 6:9. …

(Rev 11:1-2) … later believers are identified as the holy city, new Jerusalem (the bride). Revelation interprets many of its own symbols.

(Rev 11:2) "the holy city" – phrase is used 4 times and 3 in Rev 21-22. Holy City is the people of God even as Babylon is the world.

(Rev 11:2-3) Classic OT numbers used of tribulation. Revelation only speaks 3.5 years never 7 years.

(Rev 11:11-12) This is the rapture (and the only rapture mentioned in Revelation)!

(Rev 12) Satan as a dragon similar to Leviathan in OT.

(Rev 12:10) ‘Satan’ means ‘accuser’ like in the cases of Job and Joshua the High Priest c.f. Job 1-2; Zec 3.

(Rev 13) The description of the beasts come from the book of Daniel.

(Rev 13:8) Election – written in the Lamb;s book of life before creation.

(Rev 14:14-20) Sickle, harvest, wine press, judgment c.f. Joel 3:13.

(Rev 16:12-16) God is sovereign over the armies that gather and the deceiving spirits.

(Rev 16:19) God gives Babylon the cup filled with wine of the fury of wrath – all the language is OT prophetic but applied to whole earth.

(Rev 16:19-21) c.f.. Isa 49:26; 51:17-23; Jer 25:15-16; Isa 2:14-17; Jer 4:23-25; Exo 9:23-26; Jos 10:11; Isa 30:30; Eze 13:11-13; 38:21-22.

(Rev 17:8) Election – names written in Lamb’s book of life from the creation of the world.

(Rev 19:11-16) Names – ‘Faithful and True’, ‘an unknown written name, ‘The Word of God’, a written name ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’.

(Rev 19:17-19,21) Armageddon = Gog and Magog = Rev 16:12-14,18-21. All three descriptions use Eze 38-39 to describe the battle then new Zion

(Rev 20:2) The ancient serpent of Genesis 3.

(Rev 20:2) Satan shut up in the pit c.f. Isa 24:21-22.

(Rev 20:15) Second death if name is not in the book of life. Those who experience first resurrection do not experience the second death.

(Rev 20:15) Very little is said of the eternal state of unbelievers i.e. second death = lake of fire. much is said of new earth.

(Rev 21:1-2) New heaven, new earth, new Jerusalem c.f. Isa 65:17.

(Rev 21:3) God to tabernacle with his people and dwell with them c.f. Lev 26:11-12.

(Rev 21:4) No more tears or death c.f. Isa 25:8; 65:19.

(Rev 21:6) The spring f the water of life c.f. Joel 3:18.

(Rev 21:1-8) The predictions of OT prophets are applied to new heaven and earth.

(Rev 21:10) The focus of prophecy is the new Jerusalem that comes from heaven not built by human hands.

(Rev 21:11) Beautiful – glory of God, radiance like jewel, jasper, clear as crystal.

(Rev 21:11-14) New Jerusalem has 12 gates named after tribes & 12 foundations named after apostles i.e. both OT and NT people of God as one.

(Rev 21:19-20) Beautiful jewels – same as described in Eden and as on the OT high priest’s breast piece.

(Rev 21:19-20) High priest’s stones had names of tribes symbolically bringing people into God’s presence in Holy of Holies. NJ is both.

(Rev 21:21) There are twelve pearly gates.

(Rev 21:19-20) New Jerusalem made of precious jewels fulfills Isa 54:12.

(Rev 21:23) New Jerusalem having no sun or moon but God as light fulfills Isa 60:19-20.

(Rev 21:24-25) Nations bringing their wealth in and gates being always opened fulfills Isa 60:11.

(Rev 22:1-2) River of the water of life flows from the throne c.f Gen 2:10; Eze 47:1; Zec 14:8. Tree of life, leaves heal Gen 2:9; Eze 47:12

(Rev 21-22) OT prophecies fulfilled in new creation!!!!

(Rev 22:4) Name on foreheads c.f. said of one of the 7 churches & of 144000 i.e God’s people of both testaments, Jew and Gentile one people.

(Rev 22:10) Don’t seal up the prophecy – Daniel in Dan 12:4,9 was told to seal up the prophecy but now disclosed in Christ and near.

(Rev 22:10) In Dan 12:4,9 the prophecy was sealed up UNTIL the End. In NT the End has already begun i.e. last days.

(Rev 22:15) There won’t really be unclean rebel sinners outside the gates – the image is simply one of exclusion.

(Rev 22:16) Jesus is the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star – almost the end of the Bible and still pointing to OT.

(Rev 22:20) Amen. Come, Lord Jesus! I have never so much desired this as I do now.

(Rev 22:21) The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all and with you. Amen.

(Rev 22:21) Thank you Lord for preserving me in grace this year & not taking your Word from my heart or mouth. I long for your new creation.

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John’s letters and OT

(1Jn 1:7) The blood of Jesus his Son cleanses us from all sin – OT sacrificial language.

(1Jn 2:2) He is the propitiation for our sins – propitiation for sin is an OT concept.

(1Jn 2:3) Christians are to obey God’s commands.

(1Jn 2:7-8) The command to love is an OT command but now made new as seen in Christ.

(1Jn 2:18) Eschatology – John says this is the last hour.

(1Jn 2:18,22) Eschatology – the antichrist is coming and many antichrists have come have already come. Antichrist denies Christ.

(1Jn 2:28) Eschatology – so that when he appears we may have confidence and not shrink from him in shame at his coming (parousia).

(1Jn 3:2) Eschatology – when he appears we shall be like him, because we shall see him as he is.

(1Jn 3:8) The devil has been sinning from the beginning. The reason the Son of God appeared was to destroy the works of the devil c.f. Gen 3

(1Jn 3:9) Salvation as born of God; as God’s seed abiding in him so that he cannot keep on sinning because he has been born of God.

(1Jn 3:12) We should not be like Cain, who was of the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? c.f. Gen 4.

(1Jn 3:22-23) Christians keep his commandments and do what pleases him i.e. believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ and love one another

(1Jn 4:1) for many false prophets have gone out into the world – same as OT.

(1Jn 4:3) Eschatology – the spirit of the antichrist, which you heard was coming and now is in the world already.

(1Jn 4:10) This is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us &sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins – an OT concept.

(1Jn 4:17) Eschatology – We may have confidence for the day of judgment.

(1Jn 5:18) Preservation of the saints – everyone who has been born of God does not keep on sinning but he who was born of God protects him.

(1Jn 5:20-21) Jesus is the true God and eternal life. The command to keep yourselves from idols is very OT-ish.

(2Jn 1:1-2) Election – to the elect lady whom I love in truth because of the truth that abides in us and will be with us forever.

(2Jn 1:5) The command to love is an OT command but now made new as seen in Christ.

(2Jn 1:6) Christians should walk according to his commandments in love.

(2Jn 1:7) Eschatology – Many deceivers have gone out who do not confess coming of Jesus Christ in flesh. Such is the deceiver/antichrist.

(2Jn 1:8) Eschatology – Watch yourselves, so that you may not lose what we have worked for, but may win a full reward.

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John and OT

(Joh 1:1-4) In the beginning was the Word. All things were made through him. c.f. Gen 1.

(Joh 1:5-9) The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it c.f. Gen 1:3-4.

(Joh 1:6) John the Baptist c.f. Isa 40; Mal 3-4.

(Joh 1:12-13) Salvation – adoption by the will of God.

(Joh 1:14) The Word became flesh and dwelt among us c.f. literally tabernacled among us like the tabernacle in the wilderness in Exodus.

(Joh 1:14) Glory – full of grace and truth c.f. like God’s compassion and faithfulness in the OT.

(Joh 1:16-17) Grace came through Moses (i.e. the law) but Jesus brings grace on top of grace.

(Joh 1:19-27) John is not Elijah but rather the prophet speaking in the wilderness in Isa 40.

(Joh 1:29,36) Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! C.f. Passover Lamb.

(Joh 1:30-31) John’s witness is so the messiah-God might be revealed to Israel.

(Joh 1:32-33) John saw Spirit descend from heaven like a dove and remained on him. i.e. Spirit anointed like Isaiah’s servant songs.

(Joh 1:32-33) John saw Spirit descend from heaven like a dove … does the dove have connotations of a new creation like Noah?

(Joh 1:45) Philip found Nathanael and said "We have found him of whom Moses in the Law and also the prophets wrote, Jesus of Nazareth."

(Joh 1:47,51) Jesus makes references to story of Jacob that Nathanael may have been reading under the fig tree.

(Joh 1:51) Jesus fulfills Jacob. "You will see heaven opened, & the angels of God ascending & descending on the Son of Man." c.f. Gen 28:12.

(Joh 2:6,9) Jesus turns the ceremonial water of the law into the wine of joy in God’s kingdom.

(Joh 2:11) John calls Jesus’ miracles ‘signs’ as in ‘signs and wonders’ which is used of Moses’ deeds in Exodus.

(Joh 2:17) Jesus’ cleansing the temple as it was written, "Zeal for your house will consume me." C.f. Psa 69:9; 119:139.

(Joh 2:19-22) Jesus himself replaces the earthly temple.

(Joh 2:23) Miracles in Jerusalem called ‘signs’ as in ‘signs and wonders’ which is used of Moses’ deeds in Exodus.

(Joh 3:3-8) Salvation – being born from above of water and Spirit (regeneration).

(Joh 3:14-15) As Moses lifted up serpent in wilderness, so Son of Man lifted up that whoever believes may have eternal life c.f. Num 21:7-9.

(Joh 4:11-14) Jesus is greater than Jacob because Jacob providing a well of water but Jesus provides living water that gives eternal life.

(Joh 4:11-14) Salvation – the gift of living water. In the OT prophets salvation pictured as a second Exodus e.g. living waters.

(Joh 4:20-24) Jesus states that worship not bound to Jerusalem temple but in Spirit and truth. Salvation from Jews and OT revelation.

(Joh 4:23) Salvation – a coming hour that is now here.

(Joh 4:25-26) Woman uses the Jewish term ‘messiah’ while giving it the Samaritan understanding of a prophet like Moses c.f. Deu18:15-18.

(Joh 4:54) Giving life to son is the second recorded sign in John’s gospel c.f. ‘signs and wonders’ which is used of Moses’ deeds in Exodus.

(Joh 5:8) Jesus’ raising the lame fulfils Isa 35:4-6. The new age is dawning.

(Joh 5:17-30) Jesus shares the same prerogatives as God in the OT i.e. working on the Sabbath, judgment, raising the dead.

(Joh 5:25) Eschatological salvation as a coming hour that is now here when dead will hear voice of Son of God and those who hear will live.

(Joh 5:28-29) Eschatological salvation – an hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice and come out …

(Joh 5:28-29) … those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.

(Joh 5:39-40,45-47) Moses and the Scriptures bear witness to Christ and his glory.

(Joh 6) Jesus provides bread in the wilderness just like the Exodus.

(Joh 6:14) The people take the sign to indicate that Jesus was the prophet like Moses who was to come c.f. Deu 18:15-18.

(Joh 6:16-21) Jesus’ walking on the water in the midst of the storm portrays him as being God c.f. Job 9:8; Psa 29:10, 93:4.

(Joh 6:30-35) Jesus is the bread of life from heaven – the reality to which manna in the wilderness was but a shadow.

(Joh 6:36-37) Election – All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out.

(Joh 6:38-40) Preservation – Jesus will obey his Father and so lose none of those God has given him and will raise them up on the last day.

(Joh 6:40) The will of my Father is that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life …

(Joh 6:40) … i.e. those who look are those who are given.

(Joh 6:44-45) Effectual calling – No one can come to me unless Father draws him. Everyone who has heard & learned from Father comes to me.

(Joh 6:48-51) Jesus is the bread of life from heaven – the reality to which manna in the wilderness was but a shadow.

(Joh 6:53-58) Salvation as eating the flesh of the Son of Man and drinking his blood in order to attain eternal life.

(Joh 6:64-65) Election – Some do not believe because no one can come to Jesus unless it is GRANTED HIM by the Father.

(Joh 7:22-24) Jesus is the truest teacher of the Law of Moses e.g. on Sabbath and priority.

(Joh 7:37) On the last day of the feast of Tabernacles after the water pouring ceremony Jesus stood up and cried out

(Joh 7:37) "If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink." i.e. Jesus provides water in the wilderness like the Prophets’ 2nd Exodus.

(Joh 7:38-39) Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, ‘Out of his heart will flow rivers of living water. …

(Joh 7:38-39) … the Scripture reference is primarily to Eze 47:1-12 (c.f. Isa 44:3). Jesus has an interesting interpretation of Eze 47.

(Joh 7:40-41) Some in the crowd determine that Jesus is the Prophet like Moses c.f. Deu 18:15-18, other say he is the Christ c.f. 2 Sam 7.

(Joh 7:42) Scripture said that the Christ comes from Bethlehem, the village where David was? c.f. Mic 5:2.

(Joh 7:52) The religious leaders were wrong. Prophets did come from Galilee e.g. Jonah.

(Joh 8:2-11) Wonderfully the Law’s condemnation of death for adultery is overturned by Christ.

(Joh 8:6) Jesus bent down and wrote with his finger on the ground. c.f. Jer 17:13.

(Joh 8:12"I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness" c.f. Isa 9:2; 42:6-7; 49:6; 60:1-3.

(Joh 8:39) Abraham was a man of faith in Gods promise. Jesus says his Jewish hearers are NOT children of Abraham due to their unbelief.

(Joh 8:51-53) Jesus is greater than Abraham because he can impart life. Abraham died.

(Joh 8:56) Abraham rejoiced because he saw the day of Christ and was glad.

(Joh 8:57-58) Jesus had seen Abraham because he said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am."

(Joh 9:1-3) Sovereign Providence – The blind man was blind not due to sin but so the works of God might be seen in him.

(Joh 9:5) As long as I am in the world, I am the light of the world. c.f. Isa 9:2; 42:6-7; 49:6; 60:1-3.

(Joh 9:6) OT law had spittle as defiling in Jesus’ case it makes clean (whole).

(Joh 9:39-41) "For judgment I came into this world that … to make blind see and the seeing blind – sounds like OT judgment and Isa 35:5-6.

(Joh 10:1-16) Jesus employs the OT picture of God as the Good Shepherd and applies it to himself.

(Joh 10:3-5) Effectual calling – The sheep hear his voice and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out.

(Joh 10:14-15) Predestination & effectual calling- I am the good shepherd. I know my own and my own know me.

(Joh 10:16) Election – have other sheep that are not of this fold. I must bring them also, and they will listen to my voice.

(Joh 10:16) One people of God – I have other sheep not of this fold. I must bring them also … So there will be one flock, one shepherd.

(Joh 10:25-26) The reason some do not believe is because "you do not believe because you are not part of my flock".

(Joh 10:27) Effectual calling of those given to Jesus by his Father – My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.

(Joh 10:28) Preservation – I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand.

(Joh 10:29) Election & Preservation – My Father has given them to me and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father’s hand.

(Joh 11:4) Sovereign Providence – illness does not lead to death – for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.

(Joh 11:25) Eschatological – "I am the resurrection and the life."

(Joh 11:43) Eschatological – Jesus cried out with a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out."

(Joh 11:47-52) Caiaphas prophesies unintentionally that Jesus should die for the many.

(Joh 11:52) Jesus dies not only for Israel but also to gather into ONE the children of God who are scattered abroad.

(Joh 12:12-13) The Passover celebration and the Passover Psalm Psa 118:25-26 and the palm branches apply to Jesus. Al l of Psa 118.

(Joh 12:14-15) The king riding on a donkey c.f. Zec 9:9.

(Joh 12:19) The Pharisees said to one another, "Look, the world has gone after him." Unintentionally prophetic.

(Joh 12:20-23) The first of the nations come to Jesus just as Isaiah had spoken.

(Joh 12:28) Then a voice came from heaven: "I have glorified it, and I will glorify it again." Like happened at Mt Sinai.

(Joh 12:31) Eschatological – Now is the judgment of this world; now will the ruler of this world be cast out. c.f. Rev 12; Rev 20.

(Joh 12:32-33) When I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself. c.f. like the snake in the wilderness.

(Joh 12:32-33) When I am lifted up from the earth will draw all people to myself. c.f. draw all nations to Zion (temple/Christ) as in Isaiah

(Joh 12:37) Though he had done so many signs before them, they still did not believe in him – same effect as people had to Moses’ signs.

(Joh 12:38-41) Isaiah foretold the rejection of Christ due to the judicial hardening by God c.f. Isa 6:10.

(Joh 12:41) Isaiah said these things because he saw Christ’s glory and spoke of him.

(Joh 12:46) I have come into the world as light so that believers may not remain in darkness c.f. Isa 9:2; 42:6-7; 49:6; 60:1-3.

(Joh 13:5-11) Jesus washes the disciples clean – washings and be made clean are OT shadows fulfilled by Christ.

(Joh 13:18) Election – I am not speaking of all of you; I know whom I have chosen.

(Joh 13:18-19) Judas’ betrayal of Jesus is God’s sovereign decree to fulfil Psa 41:9 …

(Joh 13:18-19) … and his use of the mean of the devil putting it into Judas’ heart c.f. Joh 13:2.

(Joh 13:34-35) A new commandment that you love one another – that was an OT command but new because "just as I have loved you".

(Joh 14:16-18) The sending of the Spirit will fulfil the predictions of the OT prophets of an outpouring of God’s Spirit.

(Joh 15:1-2,6) The pruning of fruitless branches to be burned is consistent with the OT prophetic language of judgment.

(Joh 15:3) Jesus makes clean not by Levitical rituals but by his word.

(Joh 15:10-12) Christians are to keep God’s commandments.

(Joh 15:12-14) The commandment to love has a new expression – to love in a way that emulates Christ.

(Joh 15:15) OT prophets are like servants. Christians are like friends having a fuller revelation from Jesus.

(Joh 15:25) OT Law predicted rejection of Christ: what is written in their Law: ‘They hated me without a cause.’ c.f. Psa 35:19; 69:4.

(Joh 16:33) "In the world you will have tribulation but I have overcome the world." John says the same thing in Revelation 1-3.

(Joh 17:2) Election – Jesus gives eternal life to all whom the Father has given him.

(Joh 17:6) Election – Jesus has revealed the Father to God’s people who belonged to God whom he gave to Jesus.

(Joh 17:12) Judas is lost to fulfil the Scripture to bring about God’s glory.

(Joh 17:15) I do not ask that you take them out of the world (and tribulation) but that you keep them (preserve them through tribulation).

(Joh 17:24) Election – the Father has given some people to Jesus.

(Joh 18:6) When Jesus said to them, "I am he," they drew back and fell to the ground. C.f. OT encounters with God or his messengers.

(Joh 18:8-9) Jesus’ order to let his disciples go fulfils the word that he had spoken: "Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one."

(Joh 18:11) Shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me? i.e. OT cup of judgment.

(Joh 19:10-11) Sovereign Providence – Pilate only has authority over Jesus because it has been given to him by God.

(Joh 19:23-24) The dividing of garments fulfils Psa 22:18.

(Joh 19:28-29) Jesus’ thirst and being given sour wine fulfils Psa 69:21; 22:15.

(Joh 19:31-33,36) Jesus’ bones not being broken fulfils Exo 12:46; Num 9:12; Psa 34:20.

(Joh 19:34-37) Jesus’ side being pierced with a spear fulfils Zec 12:10.

(Joh 20:9) The OT Scriptures foretold that the Christ would rise from the dead e.g. Psa 16; Isa 53.

(Joh 20:30-31) Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the disciples. Signs are used in OT of Exodus saving events.

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Peter, Jude and OT

(1Pe 1-5) Lots of examples of OT descriptions of Israel being applied to Church because church is the one continued people of God from OT.

(1Pe 1:1) Christians are called by an OT description of Israel i.e. those who are elect exiles of the dispersion.

(1Pe 1:2) Elect according to foreknowledge (fore-knowing-love) of God, in sanctification of Spirit, for obedience to Jesus and …

(1Pe 1:2) sprinkling of his blood refers to OT cleansing by being sprinkled with the blood of a sacrifice.

(1Pe 1:4) "inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, unfading, kept in heaven" – inheritance like Canaan but New Jerusalem from heaven.

(1Pe 1:7,13) Eschatology – second coming of Jesus is called his apokalupsis.

(1Pe 1:10-12) The OT prophets inquired carefully inquiring what person or time the Spirit of CHRIST in them was indicating …

(1Pe 1:10-12) … when he predicted the sufferings of Christ and the subsequent glories.

(1Pe 1:14-17) Christian behavior is on same basis as Israel at Sinai – "You shall be holy, for I am holy." c.f. Lev 11:44,45; 19:2; 20:7.

(1Pe 1:17) Our time on earth is called "the time of your exile" – OT language.

(1Pe 1:18-19) Redeemed with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot c.f. OT sacrifices.

(1Pe 1:20) Jesus was foreknown (fore-known-loved) before the foundation of the world but was made manifest in the last times.

(1Pe 1:24-25) Peter again bases his ethical exhortation on the OT c.f. Isa 40:6-8 – a very messianic chapter of the new age.

(1Pe 2:4-6) Jesus is a living stone rejected by men but the cornerstone of a God-built temple made of living stones (people) c.f. Isa 28:16.

(1Pe 2:5) Christians are the new restored temple, priesthood and acceptable sacrifices.

(1Pe 2:7-8) Sovereignty – Some people stumble over stone because they disobey the word as they were destined to do c.f. Psa 118:22; Isa 8:14

(1Pe 2:9) Christians = chosen race, royal priesthood, holy nation etc. Peter applies OT description of Israel to Church c.f. Exo 19:5-6.

(1Pe 2:10) Once not a people, but now God’s people; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy. c.f. Hos 1:9-10; 2:23

(1Pe 2:11) "as sojourners and exiles" – OT description of Patriarchs and Israel.

(1Pe 2:12) Second coming called "the day of visitation" – a very OT description of God coming to act e.g. in Exodus or in judgment.

(1Pe 2:13-14) Sovereignty -God sets up secular governments.

(1Pe 2:16) OT description – "as servants of God".

(1Pe 2:22-23) He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth i.e. insight of OT prophets c.f. Isa 53:9.

(1Pe 2:24) He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree c.f. Deu 21:22-23. By his wounds you have been healed c.f. Isa 53:5-6.

(1Pe 2:25) "the Shepherd" – Psa 23:1-3, Psa 80:1; Son 1:7-8; Isa 40:11; Eze 34:11-16, Eze 34:23-24, Eze 37:24; Zec 13:7.

(1Pe 3:4-6) Sarah is an OT model of how Christian women should live.

(1Pe 3:7) Women as co-heirs – inheritance is OT shadow description but now women are co-heirs.

(1Pe 3:9-12) Again Peter uses the OT as the basis for Christian ethical living c.f. Psa 34:12-16.

(1Pe 3:19-20) Christ preached (through the Spirit in the prophet Noah) to the people (spirits) who are now in Hades (prison).

(1Pe 3:20-21) The waters of Noah’s flood involved both judgment and salvation (a passing though) – this corresponds to Christian baptism.

(1Pe 4:5) Eschatology – final judgment i.e. him who is ready to judge the living and the dead.

(1Pe 4:13; 5:1) Second coming is Jesus’ glory being revealed (apokalupsis).

(1Pe 4:18) "If the righteous is scarcely saved, what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?" c.f. Pro 11:31.

(1Pe 5:4) Second Coming – chief Shepherd c.f. Psa 23:1-3, Psa 80:1; Son 1:7-8; Isa 40:11; Eze 34:11-16, Eze 34:23-24, Eze 37:24; Zec 13:7.

(1Pe 5:5) Christian ethical instruction based on OT c.f. Pro 3:34. OT still applies to people of God empowered to obey it through the Spirit

(1Pe 5:10) Salvation & election – God of all grace, who has called you will himself restore, confirm, strengthen, establish.

(1Pe 5:13) The chosen assembly who is at Babylon … OT description of Israel in Babylon now applied to Church in the world.

(2Pe 1:5-10) Make your calling and election sure by faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, steadfastness, godliness, brotherly affection.

(2Pe 1:16) Jesus’ earthly ministry described as dunamis (power) and parousia (coming).

(2Pe 1:17) Jesus seen in midst of Shekinah Glory. "This is my beloved Son (Psa 2) with whom I am well pleased (Isa 42).

(2Pe 1:19-21) OT prophets spoke of Christ.

(2Pe 1:19) Jesus’ second coming compared to the day dawning and the morning star rising c.f. Num 24:17; Rev 22:16

(2Pe 2:1-3) Just as in the OT there were false prophets so also in the NT.

(2Pe 2:4) God’s casting fallen angels into Tartarus & in chains in gloomy darkness to be kept until judgment is a sign of future judgment.

(2Pe 2:5-6) God’s flooding the ancient world and causing Sodom & Gomorrah to become extinct is an example of future judgment.

(2Pe 2:5-9) God’s preserving Noah, a herald of righteousness, and Lot shows that the Lord is able to rescue the godly from trials.

(2Pe 2:15-16) False teachers compared to Balaam the son of Beor.

(2Pe 2:17) False teachers are waterless springs and mists driven by a storm. For them the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved.

(2Pe 2:22) False teachers c.f. Pro 26:11: "The dog returns to its own vomit, and sow, after washing herself, returns to wallow in the mire."

(2Pe 3:4-7) Scoffers forget the world was once destroyed by water at God’s word and that by a word the world will be destroyed by fire.

(2Pe 3:7,10-12) The day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a roar and be burned up & dissolved …

(2Pe 3:7,10-12) … and the earth and the works that are done on it will be exposed.

(2Pe 3:13) But according to his promise we are waiting for new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness dwells.

(2Pe 3:14) Be diligent to be found by him without spot or blemish i.e. like a perfect animal sacrifice.

(2Pe 3:15-16) Peter places Paul’s letters on the same level as the OT Scriptures.

(Jud 1:1) Election & Preservation of the saints – called and loved in God the Father and kept for Jesus Christ.

(Jud 1:3) Saints – OT description of the people of God.

(Jud 1:5) Jesus saved a people out of the land of Egypt but afterwards destroyed those who did not believe.

(Jud 1:6) God’s casting fallen angels into Tartarus, putting them in chains in gloomy darkness to be kept is a sign of future judgment.

(Jud 1:7) Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire.

(Jud 1:8-10) A strange story of the archangel Michael, contending with the devil and disputing about the body of Moses.

(Jud 1:11) False prophets compared with the way of Cain, Balaam’s error and Korah’s rebellion.

(Jud 1:12) Judgment using OT pictures – waterless clouds swept along by winds; fruitless trees; in late autumn, twice dead, uprooted

(Jud 1:13) wild waves of the sea casting up the foam; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved forever.

(Jud 1:14-15) Enoch prophesied Jesus’ coming c.f. 1 Enoch. 1:9 The Lord to come with ten thousands of his holy ones to execute judgment.

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Mark and OT

(Mar 1:1) The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God sort of Genesis 1 like.

(Mar 1:2-5) John’s crying in the wilderness fulfils OT hope of God doing a new work in the wilderness c.f. Isa 40.

(Mar 1:6) John is described in terms that recall Elijah – clothed with camel’s hair, leather belt around waist and ate locusts & wild honey.

(Mar 1:7-8) In Isa 40 the one who comes after John is God!

(Mar 1:8) OT prophetic hope was that God would pour out/baptize with the Holy Spirit.

(Mar 1:10) The heavens being torn open and the Spirit descending is eschatological last days kind of language.

(Mar 1:10) Does the dove point to Noah’s dove i.e. a sign of new creation?

(Mar 1:11) Voice from heaven "You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased." i.e. Davidic king & suffering servant c.f. Psa 2; Isa 42.

(Mar 1:12) The Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness.

(Mar 1:13) In the wilderness forty days tempted by Satan. Recalls the failures of both Adam in the garden and Israel in the wilderness.

(Mar 1:13) The angels were ministering to him. c.f. Psa 91:11-12.

(Mar 1:14-15) Proclamation that the time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand is eschatological.

(Mar 1:21-22) Jesus teaching the OT law and prophets in the synagogue.

(Mar 1:23-24) Unclean spirit (OT category) calls Jesus "the Holy One of God" which is what Isaiah’s favourite title for God.

(Mar 1:27) The obedience of unclean spirits and their being driven out is eschatological.

(Mar 1:32-34) Jesus’ power-acts of healing points to the eschatological fulfilment of Isa 35:3-5. The kingdom of new age is breaking through

(Mar 1:40-42) Jesus’ touching a leper ought to render him unclean but instead makes the leper clean (whole).

(Mar 1:44) Jesus sends the leper to the priest to offer sacrifice for cleansing so that the Law of Moses will testify to Christ.

(Mar 2:5-7) Forgiveness of sin in OT was God’s prerogative alone.

(Mar 2:11-12) Jesus’ healing the paralytic points to the eschatological fulfilment of Isa 35:3-5. Kingdom of the new age is breaking through

(Mar 2:21-22) The new wine of the gospel needs new wineskins of understanding. Cannot be contained within OT interpretations of Pharisees.

(Mar 2:23-28) Jesus restores the OT Sabbath to its original purpose.

(Mar 2:23-28) Jesus shows that the OT law is not intended to do away with God’s mercy …

(Mar 2:23-28) c.f. the example of David in OT eating the sacred bread when he was hungry.

(Mar 3:1-5) Jesus shows that the OT law is not intended to do away with God’s mercy by healing the man with the withered hand.

(Mar 3:7-8) Crowds from Galilee, Judea, Jerusalem, Idumea, beyond the Jordan and around Tyre and Sidon i.e. the whole OT kingdom of David.

(Mar 3:27) Eschatological – the strong man is being bound by Jesus and his house plundered.

(Mar 4:2) Jesus teaches in parables c.f. Psa 78:2.

(Mar 4:10-12) Jesus speaks in parables to obscure and hide truth c.f. Isa 6:9-10.

(Mar 4:10-12) Election – to some has been given the secret of the kingdom of God but others have truth hidden.

(Mar 4:30-32) The parable of the mustard seed reveals a slow growth of the kingdom that was something of a mystery to the OT prophets.

(Mar 4:37-40) In OT only God could command the wind and sea that it would obey him.

(Mar 5:1-5,11-13) OT concepts of uncleanness – Gentile country, spirits, dead bodies, bleeding, pigs. Jesus makes a very unclean man clean.

(Mar 5:22-42) Touch with a woman with bleeding (loss of life) & with a dead body ought to render Jesus very unclean but he makes them clean.

(Mar 5:41-42) In OT Elijah and Elisha raised the dead with ritual and prayer but Jesus just speaks a word of command.

(Mar 6:15) The crowd recognises that Jesus is a prophet, like one of the prophets of old.

(Mar 6:34) "they were like sheep without a shepherd" – OT language c.f. Num 27:17; Jer 50:6; Zec 10:2.

(Mar 6:41) Jesus is the good shepherd who feeds the sheep and a prophet like Moses in giving them ‘bread from heaven’.

(Mar 6:48-49) In the OT walking on the water was characteristic of God alone c.f. Job 9:8; Psa 93:4.

(Mar 6:48) Jesus was about to "pass by them". Phrase is used of God’s presence and glory passing by Moses & Elijah in Exo 32-34 and 2Ki 19.

(Mar 7:6-7) Jesus describes leaders with Isa 29:13 – This people in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.

(Mar 7:8-13) Pharisees leave the commandment of God and replace it with the tradition of men.

(Mar 7:15-23) Jesus redefines OT concept of what defiles a man and makes him unclean – not food coming in but rather attitudes going out.

(Mar 7:24-30) Jesus shows that the division between clean Jewish sheep and unclean Gentile dogs is broken down by faith.

(Mar 7:31-36) Applying spittle to a man according to Law of Moses made unclean but Jesus’ spit makes clean and whole – healing of deaf.

(Mar 7:37) The astonished crowd testify that Jesus filflls Isa 35:3-5 – He does all things well & even makes the deaf hear & the mute speak.

(Mar 8:17-18) Jesus asks his disciples if they too are like the idolaters of Isa 6:9-10.

(Mar 8:22-25) Jesus’ two stage healing of the blind points to him as being the one who provides gradual spiritual revelation and sight.

(Mar 8:28-29) The crowds recognise Jesus as being in the line of OT prophets. Peter recognises Jesus as being the promised Son of David.

(Mar 8:31) The Son of Man must suffer, be rejected, killed, and after three days rise again c.f. suffering servant with Dan 7:13-14; Ps 16.

(Mar 8:38; 9:1) The Son of Man will comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels and with power.

(Mar 9:1)Eschatology – Some will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God after it has come with power. The kngdom is now.

(Mar 9:2-3) Jesus on a mount takes on appearance of divine glory – clothes became intensely white c.f. Moses reflecting glory on Mt Sinai.

(Mar 9:4) Moses and Elijah testify to Jesus.

(Mar 9:7) A cloud overshadowed them (OT Shekinah glory).

(Mar 9:7) A voice came out of cloud, "This is my beloved Son" c.f. combines phrases from Psa 2; Isa 42 i.e. David king & suffering servant.

(Mar 9:11-13) John the Baptist was the Elijah prophesied in Mal 4 to come before the coming of God.

(Mar 9:31) The Son of Man must suffer, be rejected, killed, and after three days rise again c.f. suffering servant with Dan 7:13-14; Ps 16.

(Mar 9:43,45,47) Jesus describes hell as Gehenna the OT valley outside Jerusalem of perpetual burning of idolatrous sacrifices and rubbish.

(Mar 9:48) Where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched c.f. Isa 66:24.

(Mar 10:1) Jesus preaches in the wilderness of Elijah – something significant is happening.

(Mar 10:5) Jesus says that the Law of Moses allowing divorce was to restrain the sinfulness of hard hearts.

(Mar 10:6-9) Jesus reveals the true intention of the Law of Moses relating to marriage i.e. covenant = forsake and hold fast c.f. Gen 2:24.

(Mar 10:8) c.f. Gen 2:24 "one flesh" – a physically accurate description of an unfathomable mystery of joy and glory unique in this age.

(Mar 10:18) "Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone (OT claim). Subtly implies Jesus is God.

(Mar 10:19-21) Jesus says eternal life comes through obeying the OT commandments and following him.

(Mar 10:23-27) Salvation is impossible apart from an act of divine intervention i.e. camel, eye of a needle,, all things possible with God.

(Mar 10:33-34) Son of Man will be delivered over to the Gentiles (OT sign of divine judgment) …

(Mar 10:33-34) … condemned to death, mocked, spat in, flogged, killed c.f. suffering servant of Isa 53.

(Mar 10:34) After three days he will rise c.f. Psa 16:10-11.

(Mar 10:38) "drink the cup" i.e. OT cup of suffering i.e. an OT picture of suffering.

(Mar 10:38) "be baptized" i.e. overwhelmed and submerged under waters – not literal but a picture of OT suffering c.f. many Psalms.

(Mar 10:45) For the Son of Man came not to give his life as a ransom for many c.f. Isa 53:11-12 and references to ‘the many’ in these verses

(Mar 10:45) For the Son of Man came not to give his life as a ransom. A ransom is the cost of redemption (OT concept).

(Mar 10:46-48) Bartimaeus repeatedly identifies Jesus as the OT’s Son of David.

(Mar 11:1-7) Jesus riding into Jerusalem on a donkey fulfills c.f. Zec 9:9.

(Mar 11:8-10) "Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! c.f. Psa 118:26.

(Mar 11:12-14; 12:1) The parables of the fig tree and vineyard are similar to Isa 5:1-4.

(Mar 11:15-18) "My house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations" c.f. Isa 56:7 "you have made it a den of robbers" c.f. Jer 7:11.

(Mar 12:1; 11:12-14) The parables of the fig tree and vineyard are similar to Isa 5:1-4.

(Mar 12:10-11) "stone builders rejected has become cornerstone this was Lord’s doing and it is marvelous in our eyes’?" c.f. Psa 118:22-23.

(Mar 12:24-27) Jesus quotes OT – ‘I am the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob’ to demonstrate the reality of resurrection c.f. Exo 3:6.

(Mar 12:28-31) Jesus summarizes the Law as loving God and loving one’s neighbour c.f. Deu 6:4-5; Lev 19:18.

(Mar 12:35-36) Lord said to my Lord, Sit at my right until I put your enemies under your feet" c.f. Psa 110:1 i.e. Jesus greater than David.

(Mar 13:5-10) Precursors to end – false messiahs, wars, earthquakes, famines – birth pains. Persecution & world wide gospel proclamation.

(Mar 13:14-19) The dreadful destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. foreshadowing the end.

(Mar 13:14) The abomination of desolation standing where it ought not to be (let the reader understand) c.f. Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11.

(Mar 13:20) God will cut short days of tribulation that commenced after his resurrection for the sake of his elect – cut short by his return

(Mar 13:24-27) Tribulation then sun/moon/stars go dark c.f. Isa 13:10; 34:4 then Son of Man coming in clouds c.f. Dan 7:13-14 then

(Mar 13:24-27) then he will send out angels & gather his elect from four winds, from ends of earth to ends of heaven (post-trib rapture).

(Mar 14:21) The Son of Man will die as it is written of him in OT.

(Mar 14:24-25) This is my blood of the covenant c.f. Exo 24:8; Zec 9:11; Jer 31:31 which is poured out for many c.f. Isa 53:11-12.

(Mar 14:26) And when they had sung a hymn i.e. Psalms 113-118 which relate closely to the cross.

(Mar 14:27) The fleeing of the disciples fulfils Zec 13:7 – ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.’

(Mar 14:34) And he said to them, "My soul is very sorrowful, even to death" – like an OT Psalmist.

(Mar 14:35) "the hour" i.e. hour of judgment like in OT.

(Mar 14:36) "remove this cup from me" i.e. cup of judgment like in OT.

(Mar 14:36) "Yet not what I will, but what you will." c.f. Jesus in the garden is very different to Adam in the garden.

(Mar 14:49) Jesus’ arrest in the darkness is so that the Scriptures would be fulfilled.

(Mar 14:62) "You will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of heaven." c.f. Dan 7:13-14.

(Mar 15:1) Jesus being bound, led away & handed over to Gentiles is classic OT language taken into exile and being under God’s judgment.

(Mar 15:23) They offered him wine mixed with myrrh but he did not take it c.f. Psa 69:21.

(Mar 15:24) And they crucified him and divided his garments among them, casting lots for them c.f. Psa 22:16-18.

(Mar 15:33) There was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour – OT prophetic sign of judgment.

(Mar 15:34) Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?" "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" c.f. Psa 22:1.

(Mar 15:38) Eschatological – the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom.

(Mar 16:5) Typical OT language of divine encounters – a young man sitting on the right side, dressed in a white robe, and they were alarmed.

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James and OT

(Jas 1-5) James is full of OT prophetic and wisdom literature concepts and language.

(Jas 1:1) ‘Servant of God’ is OT prophet description. ‘twelve tribes in exile’ Jewish Christians or way of describing church in OT language?

(Jas 1) Language consistent with OT prophetic images – wave of sea, tossed by the wind ,double-minded, unstable, fade like flowers & grass.

(Jas 1:18) Election – of his own will he brought us forth by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of first fruits of his creatures.

(Jas 1:18) Christians as first fruits links into the OT feast of first fruits.

(Jas 1:27) Religion that is pure same as OT – care for orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world.

(Jas 2) Condemns ‘the rich’ consistently with the OT prophets.

(Jas 2:5) Inheriting the kingdom is derived from the OT shadow of inheriting Canaan.

(Jas 2:8) Christians fulfill the royal law according to the OT, "You shall love your neighbor as yourself."

(Jas 2:9-11) Breaking the OT law at any point makes one a transgressor.

(Jas 2:20-26) The examples of Abraham and Rahab show that in the OT as now a person is "justified by works and not by faith alone".

(Jas 3:1-12) This section on the use of the tongue is similar to OT proverbs and wisdom literature.

(Jas 3:13-18) This section on wisdom is of a similar kind to the wisdom literature of the OT.

(Jas 4:4) "adulterous people … friendship with world is enmity with God" OT prophets likewise charge God’s people with adultery/idolatry.

(Jas 4:6) "God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble." C.f. Pro 3:34 i.e. another link between James and OT wisdom literature.

(Jas 4:8-9) Cleanse hands, purify hearts, double-minded. Be wretched, mourn, weep, laughter turn to mourning, joy to gloom. c.f. OT prophets

(Jas 4:13-16) We do not know God’s work of future providences. You are a mist that appears for a little time & vanishes" -very Ecclesiastes.

(Jas 5:1) OT prophetic language – Come now, you rich, weep and howl for the miseries that are coming upon you.

(Jas 5:2) OT prophetic language – Your riches have rotted and your garments are moth-eaten.

(Jas 5:3) OT prophetic language – gold & silver have corroded and will eat your flesh like fire. You have laid up treasure in the last days.

(Jas 5:4) OT prophets – kept back wages of the laborers by fraud and the cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of hosts

(Jas 5:5) OT prophetic language – have lived on earth in luxury and in self-indulgence. You have fattened your hearts in a day of slaughter.

(Jas 5:6) OT prophetic language – You have condemned; you have murdered the righteous person. He does not resist you.

(Jas 5:10) As an example of suffering and patience, brothers, take the OT prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord.

(Jas 5:11) Job’s steadfastness, his happiness and the purpose the Lord brought about are to inspire patience in NT believers.

(Jas 5:11) Classic OT description of the Lord i.e. compassionate and merciful.

(Jas 5:12) Concern with keeping oaths and being truthful is a key OT prophetic concern.

(Jas 5:13) Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise. c.f. OT Psalms.

(Jas 5:14) In the OT anointing with oil in the name of the Lord was a prophetic action.

(Jas 5:16-18) Elijah is an example of the power of a man of faith, a man like NT believers are.

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Hebrews and OT

(Heb 1:1-2) God ‘s speaking in the OT was at many times and in many ways through the prophets climaxing now in the son.

(Heb 1:2) God created the world in Genesis 1 through Jesus.

(Heb 1:5) Jesus as a man is the son of David adopted as the son of God c.f. Psa 2; 2Sa 7:14.

(Heb 1:6) In the OT the angels were commanded to worship Christ c.f. Deu 32:43 (LXX).

(Heb 1:7) Angels are winds and flames of fire c.f. Psa 104:4.

(Heb 1:8-9) Jesus is God-man upon a throne c.f. Psa 45:6-7 "Your throne O God therefore God your God has anointed you.

(Heb 1:10) Jesus laid the foundation of the earth and he will roll them up like a garment. Jesus is eternal c.f. Psa 102:25-27.

(Heb 1:13) Jesus alone sits at God’s right hand with enemies made a footstool for his feet c.f. Psa 110:1.

(Heb 2:1-3) If every transgression or disobedience to the law of Moses received a just retribution how much more a rejection of Christ.

(Heb 2:5-9) God has subjected the world that is to come to Christ c.f. Psa 8.

(Heb 2:10) Creation in Genesis 1 for Christ and by Christ.

(Heb 2:11-13) Jesus is biologically a man and so his people are his brothers c.f. Psa 22:22; Isa 8:17-18.

(Heb 2:16) Jesus helps the seed of Abraham c.f. Gen 12.

(Heb 2:17; 3:1) Jesus fulfils OT shadow of a high priest in service of God who makes propitiation for the sins of the people c.f. Leviticus.

(Heb 3:2-6) Moses was faithful in God’s house as a servant. Jesus is faithful in God’s house as a son and worthy of greater glory.

(Heb 3:7-19; 4:1-11) Warning from Israel in the wilderness. Hardening one’s heart and Unbelief means failure to enter rest c.f. Psa 85.

(Heb 4:8-9) The rest given by Joshua only shadowed the rest given by Jesus by faith.

(Heb 4:14-15) Jesus fulfils the OT shadow of a high priest in the service of God c.f. Leviticus.

(Heb 4:16) Drawing near throne of grace echoes idea of drawing near the throne shaped cover of the ark of the covenant in Holy of Holies.

(Heb 5-7) Jesus is a high priest greater than OT shadows i.e. became a priest by an oath of God, no has no sin, doesn’t die, sat down.

(Heb 5:6,10; 6:20) Jesus is a priest forever, after the order of Melchizedek c.f. Psa 110.

(Heb 6:1-2) OT elementary doctrines – repentance, faith, washings, laying of hands, resurrection, judgment.

(Heb 6:12-15) Promises are inherited by patient faith just like in Abraham’s case.

(Heb 6:19) In Christ one can enter the inner place behind the curtain in the heavenly places c.f. high priest and holy of holies in OT.

(Heb 7:1-3) Jesus is like Melchizedek – a king of peace and righteousness, a priest without beginning or end c.f. Gen 14.

(Heb 8:1-5) Christ serves in heavenly sanctuary of which the tabernacle/temple was only a copy/shadow e.g. make according to pattern.

(Heb 8:6-13) Christ mediates a better covenant i.e. the new covenant of Jer 31:31-34. Old covenant was not obeyed, could not make righteous.

(Heb 8:13) The OT first covenant has become obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.

(Heb 9:1-5) The OT first covenant’s regulations for worship and earthly place of holiness foreshadowed worship in Spirit and truth.

(Heb 9:6-9) The holy place was symbolic of the old age of being unable to enter God’s presence.

(Heb 9:9-10) The OT first covenant could not perfect the conscience of the worshiper but was imposed until the time of reformation.

(Heb 9:11-12) Christ appeared as a high priest of the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation)

(Heb 9:11-12) entered not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption.

(Heb 9:13-14) Sprinkling of defiled persons with blood of goats &bulls and ashes of a heifer foreshadowed the achievement of Christ’s blood.

(Heb 9:14) Christ offered himself without blemish to God c.f. OT sacrificial animals.

(Heb 9:15) OT concepts – mediating, new covenant, promised inheritance, redemption.

(Heb 9:18-28) OT first covenant was inaugurated with blood. Christ’s blood inaugurates new covenant and cleanses heavenly realities.

(Heb 9:28) Christ "bore the sins of many" Quote from Isa 53:12. Links High Priest to Suffering Servant.

(Heb 10:1-4) Law was a shadow of the good things to come i.e. the true form of reality – not able to make perfect, cleanse or take away sin.

(Heb 10:5-10) The OT pointed to Christ’s provision made in an obedient body c.f. Psa 40:6-8. This sacrifice is able to sanctify.

(Heb 10:11-14) OT priests stood daily repeatedly offering sacrifices. Christ offered a single sacrifice & sat down at the right hand of God.

(Heb 10:11-14) Sitting down at Gods right hand presents Jesus as a priest and a king c.f. Psa 2.

(Heb 10:15-17) OT spoke of Christ establishing a new covenant with laws written on hearts c.f. Jer 31:31-34.

(Heb 10:19-20) OT shadow illustrates Christ. We have confidence to enter the holy places passing thru the curtain i.e. through his flesh.

(Heb 10:21) Christ is the fulfillment of the OT high priest over God’s house.

(Heb 10:22) OT washings foreshadow the sprinkling clean of hearts from an evil conscience and bodies washed with pure water.

(Heb 10:28-29) Rejection of the law of Moses brought judgment of death even worse judgment for rejecting the new covenant.

(Heb 10:30-31) OT quoted to show that God will both judge the enemies of God’s people and save his people c.f. Deu 32:36; Psa 135:14.

(Heb 10:37-38) OT quoted to show the need to faithfully endure c.f. Hab 2:3-4.

(Heb 11:4) Abel worshiped God in faith same as NT believers.

(Heb 11:7) Noah became an heir of righteousness that comes by faith same as NT believers.

(Heb 11:10) Abraham in faith looked forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God same as NT believers.

(Heb 11:11-12,19) Abraham and Sarah had faith in the God who raises the dead – same as NT believers.

(Heb 11:26) By faith Moses considered the reproach of Christ greater wealth than the treasures of Egypt – same as NT believers.

(Heb 11:31) By faith Rahab the prostitute did not perish with those who were disobedient – same as NT believers.

(Heb 11) Many OT examples of faith and patient endurance in the midst of suffering. NT believers are to emulate.

(Heb 12:5-11) Christians are to regard suffering as fatherly discipline from the LORD c.f. Pro 3:11-12.

(Heb 12:12-13) Christians ought to be encouraged by this view of suffering to make straight paths for their feet c.f. Pro 4:26.

(Heb 12:16-17) Christians are to avoid the sexually immoral and unholy example of Esau, who sold his birthright for a single meal.

(Heb 12:18-22) Christians have not come to terrifying presence of God on Mount Sinai c.f. Exo 19:12-12; Deu 9:19 but instead to Mount Zion.

(Heb 12:22-23) OT Jerusalem/Mt Zion only a shadow of the heavenly Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem.

(Heb 12:24) Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.

(Heb 12:25) If no escape when they refused him who warned them on earth, much less will we escape if we reject him who warns from heaven.

(Heb 12:26-28) God will again shake creation in order to establish his unshakable kingdom i.e. new heavens and earth c.f. Ha g 2:6.

(Heb 12:28-29) Urged to offer God acceptable worship, with reverence & awe, on basis of OT revelation – God is a consuming fire c.f Deu 4:24

(Heb 13:2) Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares c.f. Abraham and Lot.

(Heb 13:5) The OT promises are for NT believers e.g. "I will never leave you nor forsake you." C.f. Deu 31:6.

(Heb 13:6) The OT promises are for NT believers e.g "The Lord is my helper; I will not fear; what can man do to me?" c.f. Psa 118:6-7.

(Heb 13:9-13) OT foods, altar, tent, high priest, sacrifices, rituals all point to Christ.

(Heb 13:14) NT believers seek the city that is to come i.e. new Jerusalem.

(Heb 13:15-16) Worship desired by God is continually offered up sacrifices of praise i.e. the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name …

(Heb 13:15-16) … good deeds and sharing with others.

(Heb 13:20) References to shepherd of the sheep and blood of the eternal covenant have OT Davidic and Mosaic connections.

(Heb 13:24) Saints is an OT description of God’s people.

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Matthew and OT

(Mat 1:1) OT start to gospel – the book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.

(Mat 1:2-17) Abraham, Jacob, Judah & Tamar, Salmon & Rahab, Boaz & Ruth, David, Solomon, Zerubbabel – OT promises/ hopes connect to Christ.

(Mat 1:17) Jesus is the answer to Abraham, David and the new covenant to follow the exile.

(Mat 1:21) Mary’s son to be named Yeshua "Yahweh saves" because Jesus is Yahweh who saves his people from their sins.

(Mat 1:22-23) Jesus is the virgin’s conceived son. Jesus is Immanuel (God with us). c.f. Isa 7:14.

(Mat 2:1,4-7) Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judah – OT Davidic prophecy of a future shepherd-king of God’s people c.f. Mic 5:2.

(Mat 2:2) Magi see his star rise in the east c.f. Baalam’s prophecy in Num 24:17.

(Mat 2:11) Gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh c.f. Isa 60:6; Psa 72:10,15.

(Mat 2:13) God preserved his son (Israel) from death (famine) in Egypt so he does again with his son (Christ) from death (Herod’s sword).

(Mat 2:16) Herod’s killing of the baby boys of Bethlehem portrays him as a Pharaoh attempting to wipe out the promised deliverer.

(Mat 2:16-18) Tears of Exile begun in Jeremiah’s day are climaxed and ended by the tears of the mothers of Bethlehem c.f. Jer 31:15.

(Mat 2:16-18) Heir to David’s throne has come, Exile is over, Son of God arrived, he will introduce new covenant promised by Jer 31:31-34.

(Mat 2:19-21,15) Jesus’ exodus out of Egypt in response to Lord’s word fulfills what Lord had spoken Hos 11:1 Out of Egypt I called my son.

(Mat 2:23) Jesus’ living in Nazareth fulfills what was spoken by the prophets: "He shall be called a Nazarene" i.e. one rejected, of David.

(Mat 3:1-2) Wilderness preaching recalls prophetic ministry of Moses and Elijah. Location implies that s new work of God is about to occur.

(Mat 3:3) John is the voice of one crying in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord; make his paths straight. c.f. Isa 40.

(Mat 3:4) John’s garment of camel’s hair and leather belt around his waist, and his eating wilderness food recalls Elijah c.f. 2Ki 1:8.

(Mat 3:7-12) OT prophetic language – brood of vipers, wrath to come, axe at root of trees, cut down, chaff thrown into fire e.g. Isa 59:5.

(Mat 3:11) OT predicted baptism with the Spirit e.g. Isa 4:4; 44:3; Joel 2.

(Mat 3:16) Is the Spirit’s descent like a dove recalling Spirit’s movement of the waters in Gen 1 and Noah’s dove of new creation?

(Mat 3:17) "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased." c.f. Psa 2:7; Isa 42:1 i.e. Davidic king and suffering servant.

(Mat 4:1) Like Israel, Jesus the son of God is led by God into the wilderness to be tested.

(Mat 4:2-4) Like Israel, Jesus as the son of God hungers, but obeys ‘man does not live on bread alone but by words of God’ c.f. Deu 8:3.

(Mat 4:5-7) Unlike Israel, Jesus as the Son of God refuses to put God to the test c.f. Deu 6:16. Satan quotes Psa 91:1-2.

(Mat 4:8-10) Unlike Israel who worshiped golden calf for advancement, Jesus as son of God worships and serves the LORD alone c.f. Deu 6;13.

(Mat 4:13-17) Jesus’ living in Galilee, the old tribal territory of Zebulun and Naphtali, fulfilled Isa 9:1-2.

(Mat 4:13-17) Jesus is the great light that shines in the darkness. Galilee was first area in OT Israel to experience judgment of the exile.

(Mat 4:23-24) Jesus does all the powerful actions predicted in Isa 35.

(Mat 4:25) Great crowds followed him from Galilee, Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, from beyond the Jordan i.e. the whole OT kingdom of David.

(Mat 4:25) Great crowds followed him just as Israel had gathered to David prior to his being king. c.f 1Ch 12:22.

(Mat 5:1-2) Jesus went up on the mountain and taught the people. Like a second Moses teaching from Mount Sinai.

(Mat 5:3-12) Poor, mourners, meek, hungry, merciful, pure in heart, peacemakers, persecuted – all OT prophetic categories for the righteous.

(Mat 5:17-18) Jesus did not come to abolish the ethical teachings of the Law or the Prophets.

(Mat 5:17-18) Jesus fulfills Law and Prophets by teaching their ultimate directions and maximum applications.

(Mat 5:17-18) Jesus also fulfills the OT types and shadows.

(Mat 5:19) Jesus is clear that within his kingdom not the least commandment is to be relaxed in obedience.

(Mat 5:21-26) The OT command not to murder is now extended to hating.

(Mat 5:22,29,30) Jesus’ "hell" is "Gehenna" referring to OT valley outside Jerusalem where child sacrifices & waste was continually burned.

(Mat 5:27-32) The OT command against adultery is now extended to lustful desires for a woman.

(Mat 5:33-37) The OT command against swearing false oaths is given its ultimate direction i.e. telling the truth always.

(Mat 5:38-47) The OT command requiring righteous penalties for breaking the law c.f. Exo 21:22-27; Lev 24:19-20; Deu 19:19 …

(Mat 5:38-47) … is not to be used as excuse for vengeance but rather opportunity to show mercy. c.f. Exo 21:22-27; Lev 24:19-20; Deu 19:19

(Mat 5:48) Jesus affirms the OT ethic of be holy because God is holy – You therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.

(Mat 6) Jesus’ teaching continues to re-define and expand OT law.

(Mat 7:15-20) False prophets, their teaching and fruit if their lives continues to be a problem in NT as it was in the OT.

(Mat 8:3) Jesus’ touches an unclean leper which should make Jesus unclean but instead makes the leper clean.

(Mat 8:4) Jesus sends the leper to priests so that the Law of Moses can witness to Jesus’ work.

(Mat 8:10-12) Extraordinary that many Gentiles will sit with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob at OT’s messianic banquet and many Israelites will not

(Mat 8:12) OT pictures of judgment – thrown into the outer darkness, weeping and gnashing of teeth."

(Mat 8:14-17) Jesus’ healing fulfil Isa 53:4 i.e. the work of the suffering servant "He took our illnesses and bore our diseases."

(Mat 8:24-27) Jesus’ rebuking of winds & sea and their obeying him is an e.g. of Jesus doing OT God’s prerogative e.g. Psa 89:9; 93:3-4.

(Mat 9:2-8) Jesus’ forgiving a man’s sins is another example of Jesus doing what in the OT was God’s prerogative alone.

(Mat 9:13) Jesus describes his ministry in terms of Hos 6:6 ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.’

(Mat 9:20-22) According to Leviticus, Jesus’ being touched by menstruating woman ought to have rendered him unclean but makes her clean.

(Mat 9:23-26) According to Leviticus, Jesus’ touching a dead body ought to have rendered him unclean but in fact makes her clean (living).

(Mat 9:27-29) Blind men have faith that Jesus is OT’s son of David – messianic king. Jesus demonstrates it is he who opens spiritual eyes.

(Mat 9:32-33) Jesus’ casting out demons causes people to consider a new work of God has begun unlike any previously seen in Israel in the OT

(Mat 9:35) Jesus’ ministry is as predicted in Isaiah. It involves proclamation and acts of power c.f. Isa 61 and Isa 35:4-6.

(Mat 9:36) Jesus views Israel as sheep without a shepherd c.f. as: Num 27:17; Isa 56:9-11; Jer 50:6; Eze 34:3-6; Zec 10:2; 11:16; 13:7-8.

(Mat 10:5-6) Jesus tells disciples to go to lost sheep of Israel not Gentiles because that is order in Isaiah. First Israel then nations.

(Mat 10:8) Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. The disciples are to engage in Isa 35:4-6 type ministry.

(Mat 10:15) Rejection of the gospel will bring on Israel a worse judgment than that against Canaanite Sodom and Gomorrah.

(Mat 10:18) It is as suffering servants at hands of Israel that disciples will fulfil their Isaianic ministry as servants of word to nations

(Mat 10:28) Fear him who can destroy both soul and body in hell (OT Gehenna).

(Mat 10:30) OT concept of something being counted or measured to indicate sovereignty and protection.

(Mat 10:34-36) The division that Jesus causes in families is the same as that in Mic 7:5-7.

(Mat 11:5) Proof Jesus is one who was to come is fulfilling Isa 35:4-6 – blind receive their sight, lame walk, lepers cleansed, deaf hear.

(Mat 11:10-12) Jesus says that John is the messenger of Mal 3:1 . He is the greatest of OT prophets because he most clearly pointed to Jesus

(Mat 11:13-14) John is the Elijah who was to come.

(Mat 11:21-24) The judgment against Israel’s towns that rejected Jesus will be worse that classic OT enemies – Tyre, Babylon, Sodom.

(Mat 11:25-26) Election – You have hidden things from the wise and revealed them to little children for such was your gracious will.

(Mat 11:27) Election – "No one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him."

(Mat 11:28) Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.

(Mat 12:1-6) Jesus is greater than David and greater than the temple.

(Mat 12:7) Jesus describes his ministry in terms of Hos 6:6 ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.’

(Mat 12:8-14) The Son of Man is lord of the OT Sabbaths.

(Mat 12:15-21) Jesus’ withdrawals and avoidance of public gatherings fulfilled Isa 42:1-4.

(Mat 12:23) The people were amazed and said, "Can this be the Son of David?" OT category.

(Mat 12:38-40) Jesus gives a sign – as Jonah dead & buried in heart of earth and then raised three days later, so will he more literally so.

(Mat 12:41-42) Nineveh/Queen of Sheba were more responsive to Jonah’s preaching/Solomon’s wisdom that the Jews. Jesus is greater than both.

(Mat 12:43-45) Unclean spirits belong in the wilderness. OT had a similar view c.f. the goat sent into wilderness for Azazel. c.f Lev 16:10.

(Mat 13:11-12) Election – To you it has been given to know the secrets of the kingdom of heaven but to them it has not been given.

(Mat 13:13-15) Election – some hearts are hardened, eyes blinded, ears deafened c.f. Isa 6:9-10. The opposite of Isa 35:4-6.

(Mat 13:28-30,37-44) Eschatology – at second coming angels sent to first gather weeds for fire then wheat into barn/kingdom.

(Mat 13:31-33) Eschatology – kingdom grows slowly but will grow large i.e. kingdom is both now and not yet.

(Mat 13:34-35) Jesus speaks in parables to fulfil Psa 78:2 – open my mouth in parables; utter hidden things from foundation of the world.

(Mat 13:47-50) Eschatology -angels will come out & separate evil from righteous. OT judgment – thrown into fire, weeping/gnashing of teeth.

(Mat 13:52) Disciples have both OT and NT treasurers of revelation.

(Mat 14:13-21) The feeding of the 5000 men in the wilderness portrays Jesus as a second Moses.

(Mat 14:22-33) Jesus’ walking on the waters causes him to be identified with God c.f. Job 9:8.

(Mat 15:1-20) Again Jesus does not abolish the law but reinforces it and expounds its true intents.

(Mat 15:7-9) Jesus condemns the religious leaders as a prophet using Isa 29:13.

(Mat 15:13) Election – there are some plants that Jesus’ heavenly Father has not planted.

(Mat 15:21-28) Another reference to the lost sheep of Israel (several in Matthew) using the description of the OT prophets.

(Mat 15:21-38) Jesus extends the ministry described in Isa 35:6-7 to Gentiles i.e. to the nations.

(Mat 15:31) Crowd wondered when they saw mute speaking, crippled healthy, lame walking, blind seeing – and they glorified the God of Israel.

(Mat 16:4) Another reference to ‘sign of Jonah’ i.e. his death and resurrection. Refers to ‘an evil and adulterous generation’ – OT language

(Mat 16:16-17) Election – Peter’s confession of Jesus as the Christ was revealed to him by God the Father.

(Mat 16:21) Jesus shows his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem, suffer, be killed, raised on third day. I think he used OT scriptures.

(Mat 17:1-4) Mount of transfiguration recalls Sinai. Moses and Elijah (the Law and the Prophets) testify to Jesus.

(Mat 17:5) God’s Shekinah temple glory appears and a voice identifies Jesus as Davidic king (Psa 2) and suffering servant (Isa 42).

(Mat 17:11-13) John the Baptist was the Elijah who was to come c.f. Mal 3-4.

(Mat 17:22-23) Jesus predicts that Son of Man will be delivered into hands of men, killed & raised on third day. Think he used OT scriptures

(Mat 18:21-22) Jesus says that we are to forgive others not 7 times but 77 times c.f. Gen 4:24 Lamech’s call for vengeance.

(Mat 19:3-6) Jesus argues against divorce on the grounds of the law – leave, hold fast, one flesh c.f. Gen 2:24.

(Mat 19:7-9) Jesus attributes the law’s allowing divorce to hard hearts. Jesus shows the law’s true application.

(Mat 19:16-19) Jesus affirms the obeying of the law to inherit eternal life but also need to follow him c.f Exo 20:12-16; Lev 19:18.

(Mat 19:28) Eschatology – Jesus speaks f the kingdom in relation to the regeneration i.e. the new creation.

(Mat 20:17-19) Jesus describes his forthcoming experience in Jerusalem in terms of OT descriptions of judgment

(Mat 20:17-19) delivered over, condemned to death, delivered over to nations, mocked, flogged, hung on tree – will be raised on third day.

(Mat 20:28) Son of Man came to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many. c.f. Isa 53.

(Mat 20:29) Jericho, Son of David – OT connotations of salvation.

(Mat 21:4-5) Say to daughter of Zion, ‘Behold, your king is coming to you, humble and mounted on a donkey.’ c.f. Zec 9:9.

(Mat 21:8-9,16) Crowds refer to Jesus quoting the Psalms c.f. Psa 118:24-26; Psa 8:2.

(Mat 21:12-13) Jesus’ cleansing the temple – My house shall be called a house of prayer Isa 56:7 but you make it a den of robbers Jer 7:11.

(Mat 21:18-19) Cursing the fig tree as a symbol of Israel c.f. Isa 5:4-5.

(Mat 21:42-44) Same Psalm used to praise Jesus in his entry, used by Jesus to condemn enemies c.f. Psa 118:22-23 Stone builders rejected …

(Mat 22:23-33) Sadducees use the law regarding brothers marrying a childless widow. c.f. Deu 25:5-10.

(Mat 22:23-33) Jesus shows from law that God is God of resurrection i.e. God of presently living Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

(Mat 22:34-40) Jesus sums up the law by quoting the law – love God with all heart and love neighbour c.f. Deu 6:5; Lev 19:18.

(Mat 22:41-46) Jesus quotes Psa 110 to show Christ is greater than David – Lord said to my Lord, Sit at my right until enemies under feet.

(Mat 23:2-3,23) According to Jesus the law of Moses must still be followed (in its fullest Jesus-revealed Spirit-enabled sense).

(Mat 23:15) Jesus refers to hell as Gehenna the OT valley of burning.

(Mat 23:25-28) Jesus defines true uncleanness in terms of the heart rather than marketplace contact.

(Mat 23:29-36) Religious leaders’ killing of Jesus will result in accountability for all past killings of messengers who pointed to Jesus.

(Mat 23:29-36) The religious leaders accountable for deaths of Abel to Zechariah (first & last murders of OT) and all prophets inbetween.

(Mat 23:37-38) Jesus predicts Jerusalem’s destruction in 70 A.D. in language reminiscent of the OT.

(Mat 23:39) You will not see me again, until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. c.f. Psa 118:26.

(Mat 24:1-2) Jesus predicts Jerusalem’s destruction in 70 A.D. in language reminiscent of the OT – not one stone left on another.

(Mat 24:6-8) Eschatology – current birth pangs of the end – wars, famine, earthquakes c.f. Rev 6 and the seals.

(Mat 24:9-12) Eschatology – persecution and false prophets – both now and in the final climatic tribulation c.f. Rev 12-14.

(Mat 24:13) Eschatology – Response of God’s people is to endure to the end c.f. constant theme in Revelation esp. Rev 2-3.

(Mat 24:14) Eschatology – gospel to be proclaimed to all nations and then the end.

(Mat 24:15-21) Eschatology – Jesus predicts destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD but portrays something of the end also. Language OT prophetic.

(Mat 24:15) Eschatology – Abomination of desolation spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing in the holy place c.f. Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11.

(Mat 24:22) Eschatology – The days of tribulation between 1st and 2nc comings will be cut short by Jesus’ return.

(Mat 24:27-28) Eschatology – Jesus’ return will be loud visible & dramatic – as lightning from east to west will be Son of Man’s parousia.

(Mat 24:29-31) Eschatology – tribulation – then sun, moon, stars darkened …

(Mat 24:29-31) … then Jesus on clouds – then angels gather ELECT from four corners of earth to meet in the sky.

(Mat 24:34) Jesus’ disciples saw wars, famines, persecution, false prophets, fall of Jerusalem i.e. they saw all precursors Jesus mentioned.

(Mat 24:36-44) Eschatology – return will be unexpected like days of Noah. Sharp division between people – some taken & some left.

(Mat 24:51; 25:30,41,46) Jesus’ OT prophetic language -cut in pieces, weeping & gnashing of teeth, outer darkness, fire, place of punishment

(Mat 25:31) When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne. c.f. Dan 7:13-14.

(Mat 25:32-33) Separating sheep and goats c.f. Eze 34:17.

(Mat 25:34) Election – ‘the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world’. OT language – INHERIT the land.

(Mat 26:24) The Son of Man goes as it is written of him in the OT.

(Mat 26:26-28) Jesus’ body eaten like a sacrificial offering for sin. His blood represents the new covenant of Jer 31:31.

(Mat 26:31) Jesus’ arrest and the disciples’ desertion fulfils Zec 13:7.

(Mat 26:39) The cup that Jesus asks to pass him is the OT cup of the wine of God’s wrath. In Revelation this is drunk by the earth dwellers.

(Mat 26:54) But how then should the OT Scriptures be fulfilled, that it must be so?"

(Mat 26:55-56) Jesus’ passivity in his arrest is his active obedience so that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled.

(Mat 26:64) From now on they shall see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven." c.f. Dan 7:13.

(Mat 27:2,18) In the OT being bound and handed over to the nations was a sign of divine judgment.

(Mat 27:3-10) Judas’ betrayal for thirty pieces of silver and the purchase of the potter’s filed fulfils Zec 11:12,13; Jer 19:1-13; 32:6-9.

(Mat 27:11-14) Jesus will answer Pilate but not the Jewish leaders fulfilling Isa 53:7.

(Mat 27:27-31) Jesus suffers as a righteous man in ways that recall suffering of righteous men in the Psalms e.g. mocked, spat on, struck.

(Mat 27:34 They offered Jesus wine to drink, mixed with gall c.f. Psa 69:21.

(Mat 27:35) A man hung on a tree is under God’s curse/judgment c.f. Deu 21:22.

(Mat 27:35) Crucified him c.f. Psa 22:16. They divided his garments among them by casting lots c.f. Psa 22:18.

(Mat 27:39-44) The mocking of Jesus is a sign of divine judgment c.f. Psa 89:38-42 and Wisdom of Solomon 2:18-20.

(Mat 27:45) Darkness is an OT sign of divine judgment or displeasure.

(Mat 27:46) "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" c.f. Psa 22:1 – another indication of divine judgment using OT language.

(Mat 27:51-52) Eschatological signs – curtain of the temple was torn in two, earth shook, rocks split, tombs open, dead raised (Sunday).

(Mat 27:62-66) Enclosing of Jesus body in grave & sealed rock recalls Daniel in the pit with a stone sealed that situation not be changed.

(Mat 28:2-4) Eschatological context – great earthquake, angel of Lord descending from heaven, appearance like lightning, clothes white, fear

(Mat 27:51-52; 28:2-4) Lots of eschatological references here. As far as NT is concerned the last days have begun with death & resurrection.

(Mat 28:18-20) All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me c.f. Dan 7:13.

(Mat 28:18-20) Make disciples of all nations c.f. the Isaianic mission to the nations in Isa 40-66.

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2 Timothy and OT

(2Ti 1:9) Election – saved & called, not by our works but by his own purpose & grace which he GAVE US in Christ Jesus BEFORE the ages began.

(2Ti 1:10) Election – grace was given to us before the ages began and has now has been manifested through …

(2Ti 1:10) .. thru the appearing (epiphany) of our Savior, who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel.

(2Ti 2:8) Gospel is Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, the offspring of David, i.e. OT fulfilled.

(2Ti 2:10) Christians are the elect who have salvation with eternal glory in Christ Jesus.

(2Ti 2:19)Election – The Lord knows those who are his.

(2Ti 2:19) OT applied – Let everyone who names the name of the Lord depart from iniquity. God knows his people and they depart from iniquity

(2Ti 3:16-17) All OT Scripture is breathed out by God and useful for teaching, correcting and training God’s people in righteousness.

(2Ti 4:1) Christ will judge the living and the dead, has a kingdom and will appear (epiphany).

(2Ti 4:6) Paul’s life was being poured out as a drink offering is over an OT sacrifice.

(2Ti 4:8) Laid up for us the crown of righteousness which the righteous judge will award to us who love his appearing (epiphany) on that Day

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Titus and OT

(Tit 1:1-3) Christians are God’s elect who have eternal life that was promised to them before the ages began …

(Tit 1:1-3) … and at the proper time manifested in his word through preaching.

(Tit 2:13) Our blessed hope is the appearing (epiphany) of the glory (doxa) of our great (mega) God (theos) and Savior (soter) Jesus Christ.

(Tit 2:14) Salvation – redemption from lawlessness, purification to be a people for his own possession – all OT concepts and used of Israel.

(Tit 3:4) Saved (soter) by the appearing (epiphany) of the kindness (chrestos) and love (Philadelphia) of God our Savior.

(Tit 3:5) Saved not by works but according to mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit – hope predicted in OT.

(Tit 3:7) Justified by his grace and heirs according to the hope of eternal life – Paul identifies this as the OT hope.

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